Ageing populations are a major challenge for most developed countries, where social security systems were developed in the post war period. It has been suggested that the costs of caring for the ageing population places a considerable strain on individuals, as well as on the public purse, and...

Twin births are often used as an instrument for fertility in models investigating the impact of family size on labour market and child outcomes. However, a large share of twin births (24% in our sample) are the result of fertility treatments, potentially causing twin births to be endogenous and...

This article explores the potential effects of retirement on mental health and health care utilisation isolating sources of potential heterogeneity in treatment effect. To estimate the effects of retirement, we devise a new identifying strategy that combines kink and regression discontinuity...