This paper focuses on Keynes’s exposition of the Principle of Effective Demand and its generalised mathematical representation – the basis of a Z-D type model. It elaborates on Keynes’s algebraic formulation in the General Theory, relying on interpreters who contributed to the...

The present paper is part of a not yet concluded research. It explores the hypothesis that the mathematical formalizations of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (Keynes, 1936) developed by Roy Harrod, John Hicks, David Champernowne, Brian Reddaway and James Meade represent...

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John Maynard Keynes led up to three cross-shaped graphical interpretations: the IS-LM model, the 45º model and the Z-D model. The first one was originated from Hicks (1937) well-known paper, despite the differences between his original...

Despite the most common interpretation of John Hicks´s formalization of the General Theory that it was mainly oriented to achieve "mathematical elegance", this paper shows that Hicks´s results are based on theoretical arguments and specific causality relations. Hicks acknowledges the...