Performance efficiency of human labor input is considered one of the most important factors affecting enhancement the production, there are some criteria that may be used to exploring performance efficiency of the worker. The research problem, can be summarized in the deviation the actual...

Household in developing countries use a variety of informal and formal mechanisms to cope with risk, including mutual support and public social security program. The present study addresses the issue of the relationship between social network and social protection both formal and informal. Using...

We consider an adaptive importance sampling approach to estimating the marginal likelihood, a quantity that is fundamental in Bayesian model comparison and Bayesian model averaging. This approach is motivated by the difficulty of obtaining an accurate estimate through existing algorithms that...