This paper attempts to provide a probable answer to a longstanding resource curse puzzle; i.e., why resource-rich nations grow at a slower rate compared to less fortunate ones. Using an innovative threshold estimation technique, the empirical results reveal that there is a threshold effect in the...

This paper provides an assessment of the changes in the availability of oil and gas resources in Malaysia. The physical and monetary balance sheets for crude oil and natural gas for the period 2000- 2007 was constructed. The net present value of expected future incomes to reflect the value of...

Steel is fundamental material for many industries that could produced by blast furnace (BF) and direct reduced Iron technology (DRI) .these two technologies differ from each other in term of difference of production cost, energy consumption, investment and environment issues. The purpose of this...