Economic and political literature widely studied the effects of electoral system on corruption. But very little … proportionality degree of the electoral system impacts political corruption directly and in a conditional way: through the degree of … that both the direct and the indirect effect matter in explaining corruption. As the electoral system becomes more …

designing property rights in Pakistan and its impact on corruption. The study concludes that there are lots of anomalies in the … constraints, would definitely increase corruption in the short, i.e., in the period of transition. But in the long run when the … system is setup we can hope that the extent of corruption will decrease. …

This paper empirically investigates the connection between corruption and crime. Such linkage has been often … underestimated because corruption has been often analyzed as a white-collar crime. In fact it is not characterized by violence …. Recently a theoretical connection has been suggested to highlight that corruption and crime can be considered strategic …

to explore the impact of a country’s political environment on its level of corruption. The study provides strong evidence … urbanization are associated with a lower level of public sector corruption across all 121 countries. The colonial dummies and …

Corruption in general and doping in particular are ubiquitous in both amateur and professional sports and have taken …

out in Barranquilla, Colombia, in order to investigate whether corruption and informality are complements or substitutes …. It was found that it is necessary to distinguish between bureaucratic and political corruption when examining the … relation with informality, as the results can be opposite. In Barranquilla, bureaucratic corruption and informality seem to be …

Corruption in India is ubiquitous and may be broadly identified as illegal and legal. This paper delves into the … typology of legal corruption in India, which, apart from abuse of discretionary power, and tactical law and policy making, also … strongly support the existence of this form of legal corruption in India. The paper recommends that practices of ‘misuse’ of …

underlying o®ense with a criminal sanction for corruption, both imposed on o®enders. A higher criminal sanction for the … underlying o®ense implies that the government must spend more resources to detect and punish corruption (since the likelihood of … corruption (in order to o®set the negative e®ect on deterrence). …