Episodes of monetary contraction increases the risk premium of the enterprises which results in higher effective interest rate differential between market loans and subsidized loan; making these firms more reliant on subsidized loans. Since subsidies are easier to exploit and hard to administer....

We estimate the long-run discount factor for a group of developed and developing countries through standard methodology incorporating adaptive expectations of inflation. We find that the discount factor of developing countries is relatively nearer to unity as compared to that of the developed...

High terrorist attack frequency and intensity in Pakistan provides a unique data to study the impact of terrorism on foreign inflows and trade. After 9/11, Pakistan has suffered from rapidly decreasing foreign inflows and a contraction in trade. The paper estimates the unit cost of a terrorist...

This study estimates degree of intrinsic inflation persistence in Pakistan using aggregate price index, group level price indices, and individual commodity prices. We find no evidence of a unit root in (MoM) inflation at any level, except for house rent. Using monthly data from 1959 to 2011 we...

Forecasting is an important tool for management, planning and administration in various fields. In this paper forecasting performance of different methods is considered using time series data of Pakistan's export to United Sates and money supply. It is found that, like other studies of this...

This study estimates degree of intrinsic inflation persistence in Pakistan using aggregate price index, group level price indices, and individual commodity prices. We find no evidence of a unit root in (MoM) inflation at any level, except for house rent. Using monthly data from 1959 to 2011 we...

Arby (2008) quarterised the production side of annual GDP, and its subsectors, for 1972 to 2005 based on constant prices of 1999-2000 as well as on current prices. This study provides quarterly estimates of (sectoral and overall) gross domestic production in Pakistan during 1999-2000 to...

In business cycle research, smoothing data is an essential step in that it can influence the extent to which model-generated moments stand up to their empirical counterparts. To demonstrate this idea, we compare the results of McDermott’s (1997) modified HP-filter with the conventional...

This paper examines the determinants of aggregate import demand for Pakistan for the period 1972-1999. The Johansen (1988) co-integration analysis is used for establishing a long run relationship between real imports and its determinants namely real GDP, relative prices and exchange rate...

This study is intended to measure and compare the Pakistani industries performance as well to measure the impact of September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on Pakistani industries. The performance measures such as Sharpe ratio (1966), Treynor ratio (1965), Idiosyncratic risk, market risk, beta and...