Theories about rational motivation generate financial incentive payment systems; theories about self‐fulfilment motivation generate measured daywork systems. But empirical evidence indicates that the effect of a motivator on an employee is contingent upon the circumstances in which the...

The concept of working in groups has typically been applied to different industries and different levels within firms in distinct ways, and for distinct reasons. Table I shows the major types of group working which have been employed most commonly with particular technologies and organisational...