Suggests that for improving the quality of management/leadership in an organization, there is nothing more powerful than the appropriateness of participation in decision making. Details the concept of appropriate participation in decision making and planning and its likely impact. Discusses the...

Puts forward five specific guidelines in the form of questions on which managers or leaders should reflect before making any significant decisions. Considers issues such as who to involve ‐ their level, expertise and work maturity ‐ the timing, the intensity, the availability of information,...