</titre> Fair trade is increasing in developing countries with in the same time some movements of local certification. We analyse this double movement. We underline the existence of three concomitant reasons : a reaction to the hegemony exerted by FLO on fair trade standards, the need to create new...

</titre> Basing our study on a gravity model using panel data, we estimate the effects on exports of the progress achieved by a country as regards CO2 emissions in relation to its partners. The model includes dummy variables corresponding to the internal and external trade flows of regional groups. The...

</titre> This contribution analyses the link between the process of regional economic integration in East Asia and the history of two major recent economic crises : 1997, the so-called ?Asian crisis?, and 2007 the ?subprime crisis?, ten years later. In 1997, an economic crisis is generated in Asia,...

</titre> Many disputes between States are specific. They deal with spaces and resources linked with marine ecosystems and activities, and require a special Law : International Law of the Sea. This one, firstly divides States rights on marine spaces, but has another role since 1950 : the regulation of...

</titre> Medical tourism is seen as a recent concept and is mainly seen as plastic surgery in developing countries. However, medical tourism refers to patients taking advantage of medical services abroad in an environment different from that of their everyday lives. Several factors have led to this...