policy outcomes. Surprisingly, past studies have found mixed evidence that various labor market and industry attributes of …

There is considerable evidence that producer-level churning contributes substantially to aggregate (industry … fact that producer-level prices are typically unobserved; thus within-industry price differences are embodied in …

Over the course of the nineteenth century manufacturing in the United States shifted from artisan shop to factory … building of extensive railroad network. Using a newly created data set of manufacturing establishments linked to county level … data on rail access from 1850-70, we ask whether the coming of the railroad increased establishment size in manufacturing …

1827. These estimates are used to assess the vulnerability of the antebellum iron industry to foreign competition and the … role of the tariff in fostering the industry's early development. Domestic pig iron production is found to be highly …