What impact will terrorism have on America's cities? Historically, large-scale violence has impacted cities in three … to disperse. Finally, since warfare and terrorism often specifically target means of transportation, violence can …), but more commonly neither terrorism nor wars have significantly altered urban form. As such, across America the effect of …

This paper examines the role that insurance has played in dealing with terrorism before and after September 11, 2001 …, by focusing on the distinctive challenges associated with terrorism as a catastrophic risk. The Terrorism Risk Insurance … Act of 2002 (TRIA) was passed by the U.S. Congress in November 2002, establishing a national terrorism insurance program …

This paper discusses new challenges we face with terrorism as a catastrophic risk by focusing on risk assessment, risk … management as well as risk financing issues. The special characteristics of terrorism compared with major natural hazards call … for the development of public-private partnerships, as recognized in November 2002 when the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act …

The explosion in the 21st century of terrorist activities by Islamic radicals in the United States, Europe and Asia … evolved in response to terrorism in Britain. The paper also discusses the reasons why there is strong cooperation among the CT …

on terrorist attacks in the Middle East: Radical religious clubs are more lethal and choose suicide terrorism more often …, when they provide benign local public goods. Our results suggest benign tactics to counter terrorism by religious radicals …

Districts can be greatly affected by changes in the perceived level of terrorism …