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Lead Water Pipes and Infant Mortality in Turn-of-The-Century Massachusetts

Troesken, Werner - 2021

This paper considers a largely unknown public-health practice in the United States: the use of lead pipes to distribute household tap water. Municipalities first installed lead pipes during the late nineteenth century. In 1897, about half of all American municipalities used lead water pipes....

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013248670

Who Should Own and Control Urban Water Systems? Historical Evidence from England and Wales

Beach, Brian - 2016

Nearly 40% of England's privately built waterworks were municipalised in the late 19th century. We examine how this affected public health by pairing annual mortality data for over 600 registration districts, spanning 1869 to 1910, with detailed waterworks information. Identification is aided by...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012984124

Water Markets in the West : Prices, Trading, and Contractual Forms

Brewer, Jedidiah - 2014

Rising urban and environmental demand for water has created growing pressure to re-allocate water from traditional agricultural uses. The evolution of water markets has been more complicated than those for other resources. In this paper, we first explain these differences by examining water...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012751953

Lead Pipes and Child Mortality

Clay, Karen - 2007

Beginning around 1880, public health issues and engineering advances spurred the installation of city water and sewer systems. As part of this growth, many cities chose to use lead service pipes to connect residences to city water systems. This choice had negative consequences for child...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012778250

Comparing Price and Non-Price Approaches to Urban Water Conservation

Olmstead, Sheila M. - 2013

Urban water conservation is typically achieved through prescriptive regulations, including the rationing of water for particular uses and requirements for the installation of particular technologies. A significant shift has occurred in pollution control regulations toward market-based policies...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012753563

Financing Municipal Water and Sanitation Services in Nairobi's Informal Settlements

Coville, Aidan; Galiani, Sebastian; Gertler, Paul J.; … - 2022

We estimate the impacts of two interventions implemented as field experiments in informal settlements by Nairobi’s water and sanitation utility to improve revenue collection efficiency and last mile connection loan repayment: (i) face-to-face engagement between utility staff and customers to...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013291001

Was Pandemic Fiscal Relief Effective Fiscal Stimulus? Evidence from Aid to State and Local Governments

Clemens, Jeffrey; Hoxie, Philip; Veuger, Stan - 2022

We use an instrumental-variables estimator reliant on variation in congressional representation to analyze the effects of federal aid to state and local governments across all four major pieces of COVID-19 response legislation. Through September 2021, we estimate that the federal government...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014081995

The Impact of Internet Subsidies in Public Schools

Goolsbee, Austan; Guryan, Jonathan - 2014

In an effort to alleviate the perceived growth of a digital divide, the U.S. government enacted a major subsidy for … well as application data from the E-Rate program, this paper shows that the subsidy did succeed in significantly increasing … about 66 percent more Internet classrooms than there would have been without the subsidy. Using a variety of test score …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014112629

The Environmental Cost of Global Fuel Subsidies

Davis, Lucas W. - 2016

Despite increasing calls for reform many countries continue to provide subsidies for gasoline and diesel. This paper quantifies the external costs of global fuel subsidies using the latest available data and estimates from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. Under preferred...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012996460

Subsidies and Structure : The Lasting Impact of the Hill-Burton Program on the Hospital Industry

Chung, Andrew - 2016

The hospital industry is one of the most important industries in the U.S., and industry structure can have profound effects on the functioning of markets. Using county-level panel data, we study the effect of public subsidies from the Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946, known as the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012997891