We examine the effects of the interaction between lobbying and legislative bargaining on policy formation. Two systems … policies generated are not intermediate between policies that would result from pure lobbying or from pure legislative … contributions are very small, despite the fact that lobbying has a marked effect on policies …

political motives for excessive protection. First, a free-rider effect may be conducive to less lobbying under a uniform tariff …

scale nor technological costs can explain the decline in the Q- elasticity of entry, but lobbying and regulations can. We … relative to large ones, particularly in industries with high lobbying expenditures. We conclude that lobbying and regulations …