What is the optimal system of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation? Empirical evidence from economic … existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction - as opposed to the rate … innovations in developing countries, discourage innovation in the developing countries? This essay summarizes results of existing …

innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

cover launch experience in 15 countries for drugs in 12 therapeutic classes that experienced significant innovation over the …

We examine the impact of pharmaceutical innovation on the longevity of Australians during the period 1995-2003. Due to …

an induced innovation externality. This alternative mechanism, by contrast, causes people to devote an inefficiently high … level of self-protection. As an empirical example of this externality, we analyze the innovation induced by the obesity … epidemic. Obesity is associated with an increase in the incidence of many diseases. The induced innovation hypothesis is that …

the evaluations were done at the recipient (firm) level using data from innovation surveys, industrial surveys, and … innovation activities. However, the analysis does not find much statistically significant impact on patents or new product sales …

experience and the other is an innovation, whose properties are not known initially. A new cohort of persons presents itself each … commission randomized trials of limited duration to learn about the innovation. Rather than wait for the outcomes of interest to … unfold over time, surrogate outcomes that can be observed early on are used to judge the success of the innovation. A close …

encouragement of creation and innovation. Optimal policy depends on the quantitative strength of these two forces. We give a …