We study how competition between two downstream firms affects an upstream innovator's innovation strategy, which … includes selecting how much innovation to produce and whether to license this innovation to one (targeted licensing) or both … upstream innovation: at low levels of competition, market-wide licensing is optimal and competition reduces innovation, while …

The "market for innovation" -- the sale and licensing of patents -- is an often discussed source of incentives to … assumptions, allows us to quantify the gains resulting from the transfer of patents in the market for innovation. The gains from …

investments through the structural estimation of a flexible innovation production function, such as the translog. Our empirical …

affect the overall rate at which innovation occurs in the economy. This essay provides an introduction to and review of the … research on social networks most relevant to innovation, with a particular focus on the earliest stages of the innovation … importance of social relationships to innovation or alter the patterns of relationships in ways that might promote innovation …

How does firm entry affect innovation incentives and productivity growth in incumbent firms? Micro-data suggests that … threat spurs innovation incentives in sectors close to the technological frontier--successful innovation allows incumbents to … prevent entry. In laggard sectors it discourages innovation--increased entry threat reduces incumbents' expected rents from …

This paper analyzes how institutional differences affect university entrepreneurship. We focus on ownership of faculty … commercialization; entrepreneurship or licenses to established firms, as well as on probabilities of successful commercialization. We … find that the US system is less conducive to entrepreneurship than the Swedish system if established firms have some …

employees to pursue value-enhancing innovative activities. Using patents and citations as proxies for innovation, we identify … that within a country, innovation and economic growth are fostered by stringent laws governing dismissal of employees …, especially in the more innovation-intensive sectors. Firm-level tests within the United States that exploit a discontinuity …

High-skilled immigrants are a very important component of U.S. innovation and entrepreneurship. Immigrants account for … home country remains unclear. We know very little about return migration of workers engaged in innovation and … entrepreneurship, except that it is rapidly growing in importance …

This paper reviews recent academic work on the spatial concentration of entrepreneurship and innovation in the United … identify and discuss policies that are being pursued in the United States to encourage local entrepreneurship and innovation …