a `monopoly umbrella' to other non-hub airlines. Finally, on the cost side there is evidence of economies of density … (and therefore cost economies of hubbing) on longer routes. Consistent with the `Southwest Airlines' effect, there is no …

production of a given stage in a GVC is not only a function of the marginal cost at which that stage can be produced in a given …

effectiveness of several transaction cost mitigation strategies. It finds that introducing a buy/hold spread, which allows investors … to continue to hold stocks that they would not actively trade into, is the single most effective simple cost mitigation …

shaping the quality of politicians from both the supply and demand sides of politics. The model highlights that the patterns … vary with key parameters pertaining to both the supply and demand for candidates. We use the model to frame a review of the …

On a levelized-cost basis, solar and wind power generation are now competitive with fossil fuels. But supply of these … renewable resources is variable and intermittent, unlike traditional power plants. As a result, the cost of using flat retail … pricing instead of dynamic, marginal-cost pricing—long advocated by economists—will grow. We evaluate the potential gains from …

county-wide cost of users playing Pokémon GO while driving to be in the range of $5.2 to $25.5 million over the 148 days …

a modest reduction in cost per student, but only for undergraduate instruction. Recent policy efforts to promote …