implement a case-study on the response of banks in France, Germany, Italy and Spain to a monetary tightening. The episode we …Available studies on asymmetries in the monetary transmission mechanism within Europe are invariably based on macro … study occurred during 1992, when monetary conditions were tightened throughout Europe. Evidence on such tightening is …

(Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain), using industry-level (EU-KLEMS) and firm-level (Amadeus) data. After adding …

accounts). We use survey data on household portfolios for the U.S., Canada, Australia, the U.K., Germany, France, Italy, and … Spain to document the share of such households across countries, their demographic characteristics, the composition of their …

This paper studies the cycles of nationalization and privatization in resource-rich economies. We discuss available … evidence on the drivers and consequences of privatization and nationalization, review the existing literature, and present … determinants of the observed cycles of privatization and nationalization, and is consistent with a variety of observed phenomena …

In 1997, France Tsbquo;lsbquo;com, the state-owned French telephone company, went through a partial privatization. The … government offered current and prior France Tsbquo;lsbquo;com employees the opportunity to buy portfolios of shares with various …