biotechnology enterprises: the number of products in development, the number of products on the market, and changes in employment …. The `star' concept which Zucker, Darby, and Brewer (1994) demonstrated was important for birth of U.S. biotechnology … enterprises also predicts geographically localized knowledge spillovers at least for products in development. However, when we …

Using detailed data on biotechnology in Japan, we find that identifiable collaborations" between particular university … there is little evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In early industry" formation, star scientists …

strategy builds on the literature on the dissemination of knowledge, specifically that of local knowledge spillovers. By ….35%. Our results also provide novel evidence that there are health benefits to the local communities (local spillovers) in …

influence alliance outcomes. Using data based on a survey of biotechnology firms, we find that both current and future …

operate as well as concentration in the agricultural biotechnology industry also emerged due to intellectual property rights …

We examine how two highly successful new biotechnology firms (NBFs) source their most critical input -- scientific …

, such as intellectual human capital, can predict where and when biotechnology enterprises emerge and agglomerate. Density … more conjectural than empirically tenable. We argue and demonstrate for biotechnology that an alternative model based on … essentially uncorrelated with the panel data on biotechnology entry by year and region while the combined model has correlation …