government grants. We argue that there is no single best mechanism for supporting research. Rather, mechanisms can only be … an intramural activity to largely a grant process. Finally, we observe that much research is supported by a hybrid system …

of Science research articles published in 2001 across all scientific disciplines. We find that highly novel papers …Research which explores unchartered waters has a high potential for major impact but also carries a higher uncertainty … of having impact. Such explorative research is often described as taking a novel approach. This study examines the …

country – to China's catching up in global science to become a world leader in research publications and citations. Using a … author. Through those pathways, diaspora research contributed to China’s 2000-2015 catch-up in science and to global science … writ large, consistent with ethnic network models of knowledge transfer, and contrary to brain drain fears that the …

The rate of regional growth of new knowledge in the field of nanotechnology, as measured by counts of articles and … stocks of recorded knowledge in all scientific fields, and the extent to which tacit knowledge in all fields flows between … patenting. The data provide further support for the cumulative advantage model of knowledge production, and for ongoing efforts …

Creation of empirical knowledge in economics has taken a dramatic turn in the past few decades. One feature of the new … research landscape is the nature and extent to which scholars generate data. Today, in nearly every field the experimental …

Are scientific knowledge flows embodied in individuals, or "in the air"? To answer this question, we measure the effect … suggest that, to be realized, knowledge flows to industry may require more face-to-face interaction than those to academics … of ideas, our results raise the intriguing possibility that barriers to labor mobility in academic science limit the …

How large are spatial barriers to transferring knowledge? We analyze the international operations of multinational … firms to answer this fundamental question. In our model firms can transfer bits of knowledge to their foreign affiliates in … either embodied (traded intermediates) or disembodied form (direct communication). Knowledge transfer costs interact with the …

The pace of innovation is related both to the level of investment in innovation and the pool of knowledge from which … innovators can draw. Both of these are endogenous: Investments in innovations are affected by the pool of knowledge and the … (IPR) regime. But as each firm engages in research, it both contributes to the pool, and takes out from it. The strength …

This paper directs attention at the globalization of knowledge and knowledge creation as the fundamental global driver … of economic outcomes in today's information economy. It documents the globalization of knowledge and spread of scientific … research from advanced to developing countries and argues that these developments undermine trade models in which advanced …

are linked to economic theory. We then use this system to classify all published field experiments in the five top … period, we find that economic theory has played a more central role in the laboratory than in the field. Finally, we discuss …