make the situation worse, an impact assessment analysis should accompany every law and every regulation of every Ministry …

Regulation consists of rulemaking and enforcement. Economic theory offers two complementary rationales for regulating … and efficiency across society as a whole. Agency-cost theory recognizes that incentive conflicts and coordination problems … arise in multi- party relationships and that regulation introduces opportunities to impose rules that enhance the welfare of …

New security designs, improvements in computer telecommunications technology and advances in the theory of finance have … institutional change that is likely to occur. These examples emphasize the role of hedging versus equity capital in managing risk …, the need for risk accounting and changes in methods for implementing both regulatory and stabilization public policy …

This paper sets forth a discussion framework for the information requirements of systemic financial regulation. It … enhance the detection and measurement of systemic risk …

-allocation scheme; and defective government monitoring and control of the subsidies to leveraged risk-taking that the other two elements …

feature of market economies, is inherently vulnerable to runs in all its forms (not just demand deposits). Bank regulation … aims at preventing bank runs. History shows two approaches to bank regulation: the use of high quality collateral to back … for the bank to abide by the regulations and not take too much risk …

effects of bank regulation and the impact of deregulation. We find that where entry was more restricted the cost of credit was …

A bank or other financial institution is potentially subject to at least four types of risk: (1) Credit risk … -- defaults or delays in repayments. (2) Fraud -- embezzlement or insider abuse. (3) Liquidity risk -- or high cost of obtaining … needed cash. (4) Interest rate risk -- differential changes in the value of assets and liabilities as interest rates shift …