showed that financial literacy is low among the young; fewer than one-third of young adults possess basic knowledge of …

for retirement. Many respondents display limited knowledge and understanding of public and company-provided retirement … remainder of their lifetimes, many do not possess enough basic financial knowledge to confidently make optimal choices …

own retirement security, this lack of knowledge has serious implications …

knowledge acquired in school - before entering the labor market and certainly before starting to plan for retirement. Results … show that those with more advanced financial knowledge are those more likely to be retirement-ready …

suggest that causality is more likely to run from pension wealth to pension knowledge, rather than the other way around … Security knowledge. Third, standardizing for incomes and other factors, a pension of higher value does not substitute for other …, other things the same. Fourth, there is no evidence that wealth held outside of pensions is influenced by knowledge of …