interventions to support democratic elections. Yet little evidence exists on whether elections enhance the domestic legitimacy of … Afghanistan is a democracy; (2) whether the police should resolve disputes; (3) whether members of parliament provide services …

. Examining the strike activity and unionization rates of some 600 nonunion municipal police departments from 1972 to 1978, this … rights for municipal police. However, these strikes do not increase the unionization propensities of these police departments …

data from the Boston Police Department. Consistent with preference-based discrimination, our baseline results demonstrate …

between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns of arrests and crime. Increases in the number … of minority police are associated with significant increases in arrests of whites, but have little impact on arrests of … police officers has a less clear-cut impact on crime rates. It appears that own-race policing may be more effective in …

wage levels of police officers. We analyze the effect of arbitration on wages by comparing wage levels across political … police officers, and individual level data on police officers from Decennial Censuses. The empirical results from both data …

forfeited assets influenced crime and police incentives by taking advantage of pre-existing differences in state level civil … places where the federal law allowed police to retain more of their seized assets than state law previously allowed …. Equitable sharing also led police agencies to reallocate their effort toward the policing of drug crimes. We estimate that drug …

attain that goal. I provide evidence from the Los Angeles Police Department to show that officers appear to have responded to …

We examine the ill-health retirement of police officers in the forces of England and Wales between 2002-03 and 2009 …-specific differences in human resources policies. Reforms to police pension plans - in particular a shift in the incidence of financing ill …-health retirement from central government to local police authorities - occurred in the mid-2000s. We show these measures impacted on …

-scale randomized trials conducted in collaboration with the state police of Rajasthan, India sought to increase police efficiency and … improve interactions with the public. In a sample of 162 police stations serving almost 8 million people, the first experiment … tested four interventions recommended by police reform panels: limitations of arbitrary transfers, rotation of duty …