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Public R&D Investments and Private-sector Patenting: Evidence from NIH Funding Rules

Graff Zivin, Joshua; Azoulay, Pierre; Li, Danielle; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2015

We quantify the impact of scientific grant funding at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on patenting by pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms. Our paper makes two contributions. First, we use newly constructed bibliometric data to develop a method for flexibly linking specific grant...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011254922

Superstar Extinction

Graff Zivin, Joshua; Azoulay, Pierre; Wang, Jialan - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008

We estimate the magnitude of spillovers generated by 112 academic "superstars" who died pre- maturely and unexpectedly, thus providing an exogenous source of variation in the structure of their collaborators' coauthorship networks. Following the death of a superstar, we find that collaborators...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005029675

Technology, Monopoly, and the Decline of the Viatical Settlements Industry

Sood, Neeraj; Alpert, Abby; Bhattacharya, Jay - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2005

The viatical settlement industry provides an opportunity for terminally-ill consumers, typically HIV patients, to exploit a previously untapped source of equity in existing life insurance contracts to finance consumption and medical expenses. The 1996 introduction and dissemination of effecive...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005089036

The Other Ex-Ante Moral Hazard in Health

Bhattacharya, Jay; Packalen, Mikko - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008

an induced innovation externality. This alternative mechanism, by contrast, causes people to devote an inefficiently high … level of self-protection. As an empirical example of this externality, we analyze the innovation induced by the obesity … epidemic. Obesity is associated with an increase in the incidence of many diseases. The induced innovation hypothesis is that …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005050326

New Ideas in Invention

Packalen, Mikko; Bhattacharya, Jay - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2015

A key decision in research is whether to try out new ideas or build on more established ideas. In this paper, we evaluate which type of work is more likely to spur further invention. When recent advances create superior opportunities for invention, their adoption as research inputs in the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011159886

Cities and Ideas

Packalen, Mikko; Bhattacharya, Jay - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2015

Faster technological progress has long been considered a key potential benefit of agglomeration. Physical proximity to others may help inventors adopt new ideas in their work by increasing awareness about which new ideas exist and by enhancing understanding of the properties and usefulness of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011159889

Age and the Trying Out of New Ideas

Packalen, Mikko; Bhattacharya, Jay - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2015

Older scientists are often seen as less open to new ideas than younger scientists. We put this assertion to an empirical test. Using a measure of new ideas derived from the text of nearly all biomedical scientific articles published since 1946, we compare the tendency of younger and older...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011159890

Incentives and Creativity: Evidence from the Academic Life Sciences

Graff Zivin, Joshua; Azoulay, Pierre; Manso, Gustavo - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009

Despite its presumed role as an engine of economic growth, we know surprisingly little about the drivers of scientific creativity. In this paper, we exploit key differences across funding streams within the academic life sciences to estimate the impact of incentives on the rate and direction of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008628436

NIH Peer Review: Challenges and Avenues for Reform

Graff Zivin, Joshua; Azoulay, Pierre; Manso, Gustavo - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012

The National Institute of Health (NIH), through its extramural grant program, is the primary public funder of health-related research in the United States. Peer review at NIH is organized around the twin principles of investigator initiation and rigorous peer review, and this combination has...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010969438

Words in Patents: Research Inputs and the Value of Innovativeness in Invention

Packalen, Mikko; Bhattacharya, Jay - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012

Intelligently allocating research effort and funds requires deciding whether to build on recent advances or on more established knowledge. When recent advances create superior opportunities for invention, their adoption as research inputs in the invention process promotes technological progress....

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010821823