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Entry and Patenting in the Software Industry

Cockburn, Iain M.; MacGarvie, Megan - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006

To what extent are firms kept out of a market by patents covering related technologies? Do patents held by potential entrants make it easier to enter markets? We estimate the empirical relationship between market entry and patents for 27 narrowly defined categories of software products during...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005720371

University Research, Industrial R&D, and the Anchor Tenant Hypothesis

Agrawal, Ajay K.; Cockburn, Iain M. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

innovation system,' and these appear to vary markedly in their ability to convert local academic research into local commercial … innovation. We develop and test the hypothesis that the presence of a large, local, R&D-intensive firm an anchor tenant' enhances … the productivity of local innovation systems by making local university research more likely to be absorbed by and to …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005718229

Scale, Scope and Spillovers: The Determinants of Research Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Cockburn, Iain M.; Henderson, Rebecca - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1993

This paper presents the results of a study of the determinants of research productivity in the pharmaceutical industry. Using disaggregated, internal firm data at the research program level from ten major pharmaceutical companies, we find no evidence of increasing returns to scale at either the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005829793

Notes on Growth Accounting

Barro, Robert J. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1998

Growth accounting breaks down economic growth into components associated with changes in factor inputs and the Solow residual, which reflects technological progress and other elements. This exercise is generally viewed as a preliminary step for the analysis of fundamental determinants of growth...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005830622

Are All Patent Examiners Equal? The Impact of Examiner Characteristics

Cockburn, Iain M.; Kortum, Samuel; Stern, Scott - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

Building on insights gained from interviewing administrators and patent examiners at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), we collect and analyze a novel dataset on patent examiners and patent outcomes. This dataset is based on 182 patents for which the Court of Appeals for the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005777515

Public & Private Spillovers, Location and the Productivity of Pharmaceutical Research

Kyle, Margaret K.; Cockburn, Iain M.; Furman, Jeffrey L.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006

While there is widespread agreement among economists and management scholars that knowledge spillovers exist and have important economic consequences, researchers know substantially less about the "micro mechanisms" of spillovers -- about the degree to which they are geographically localized,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778773

Which Countries Have State Religions?

Barro, Robert J.; McCleary, Rachel M. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2004

For 188 independent countries in 2000, 72 had no state religion in the years 2000, 1970, and 1900; 58 had a state religion at all three dates; and 58 had some kind of transition. Among the 58 transitional countries, 12 had two transitions, 4 of which (former Soviet Republics in Asia) involved two...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005718768

Economic Growth in East Asia Before and After the Financial Crisis

Barro, Robert J. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2001

In 1997-98, five east Asian countries -- Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand -- experienced sharp currency and banking crises. The contraction of real GDP was severe in relation to the previous history and in comparison with five east Asian countries that were less...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005830262

Religion and Political Economy in an International Panel

Barro, Robert J.; McCleary, Rachel M. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

Economic and political developments affect religiosity, and the extent of religious participation and beliefs influence economic performance and political institutions. We study these two directions of causation in a broad cross-country panel that includes survey information over the last 20...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778665

International Determinants of Religiosity

Barro, Robert J.; McCleary, Rachel M. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2003

Two important theories of religiosity are the secularization hypothesis and the religion-market model. According to the former theory, economic development reduces religious participation and beliefs. According to the latter theory, religiosity depends on the presence of a state religion,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005575093