interest on reserves. While their effects on output and inflation are small, these policies require major adjustments in the …

interpreted, first and foremost, as a commitment device. In our setting, a monetary target helps anchoring inflation and inflation … well as a strong response to deviations of inflation from target and to the activity growth gap. In contrast, the response …

The Shadow Open Market Committee was formed in 1973 in response to rising inflation and the apparent unwillingness of U … favored by the Shadow would have lowered inflation with less impact on output growth and less variability in inflation or … outperformed the policies actually implemented by the Federal Reserve during the Great Inflation era. …

. Key to our estimation strategy is the use of survey-based expectations for inflation and output. We identify accommodating … shocks shift to the low volatility regime around 1985 whereas inflation shocks do so only around 1990, suggesting active … monetary policy may have played role in anchoring inflation expectations. Shocks and policy regimes jointly drive the …

If inflation expectations become firmly anchored at the inflation target even when average inflation deviates from the … target, the long-run Phillips curve becomes non-vertical. During 1997-2011, average inflation expectations in Sweden have … been close to the inflation target of 2 percent, whereas average inflation has fallen short of the target by 0.6 percentage …

and the inflation rate without error, then it is typically optimal to respond infinitely strongly to observed deviations … from the central bank's targets. If it observes inflation and the output gap with error, the central bank will temper its … terms of estimated output and inflation then it is optimal to respond infinitely strongly to estimated deviations from the …

-2004. First, we find that the Bank of Japan's policy commitment to continuing monetary easing until some prespecified conditions … sloping, indicating that the Bank of Japan's commitment failed to have su.cient influence on the market's expectations about …