Understanding factors affecting the direction of innovation is a central aim of research in the economics of innovation … several contexts for research in innovation. We benchmark and demonstrate the benefits of this approach in the context of 44 …

relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program that transitioned from "Conventional topics," which … innovation even in less specific Conventional topics. The results suggest that government (and perhaps private sector) innovation …

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …