impact of in-utero exposure to local violence - measured by homicide rates - on birth outcomes. The estimates show that … exposure to violence during the first trimester of pregnancy leads to a small but precisely estimated increase in the risk of …, where violence is endemic and are particularly pronounced among children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence …

equilibrium effect of higher wages in the presence of criminal pressure groups, who use both bribes and violence? By means of a … limit corruption, but also foster the use of violence as an alternative tool to influence policymaking …

lockdowns on the incidence of domestic violence (DV) have reported relatively modest effects. This may reflect a low reporting …

high temperatures increase intense violence among the incarcerated. Days with unsafe heat index levels shift both the … intensive and extensive margins of violence, raising daily violent interactions by 20%, and the probability of any violence by … 18%. Our setting cleanly identifies the effect of heat on violence, and highlights previously unobserved social costs of …

In most societies, a small number of people commit the most serious violence. Short-term studies have shown that … violence, especially when policymakers are searching for alternatives to aggressive policing and incarceration …

increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to … retaliate by resorting to violence in lieu of bribery. On the other hand, this kind of anti-crime measure might also induce … reduce violence. To determine which of these possible effects is prevalent, we undertake an empirical assessment of the …

increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to … retaliate by resorting to violence in lieu of bribery. On the other hand, anti-corruption measures might also induce criminal … violence. To determine which of these possible effects is prevalent, we undertake an empirical assessment of the impact of city …