We investigate short and long-term effects of early childhood education using variation created by a unique policy … experiment in British Columbia, Canada. Our findings imply starting Kindergarten one year late substantially reduces the … for low income students and males. Estimates suggest that entering kindergarten early may have a detrimental effect on …

education and wages for the children born under these policies. The mobility effect, chiefly an increase in intergenerational … mobility in education, stems from heterogeneity in the effects of the policies: children of mothers with fewer years of … education benefit more. As a potential mechanism, we find that the policies increased mothers' time investments in children and …

randomized to receive a new preschool and parent education program focused on cognitive and non-cognitive skills (CogX) or to a … control group that did not receive preschool education. In addition to a typical academic year (9 month) program, we also … Kindergarten. Both programs, including the shortened version, significantly improved cognitive test scores by about one quarter of …

provide more cognitive stimulation to children with higher education polygenic scores. This pattern varies by socioeconomic …