trade increased the colonists' ability to buy imports over time, especially after 1740. Although the export sector performed … two time series to serve as indicators of broader changes rather than considering the export sector as a whole. Here we … present new comprehensive export measures for the middle colonies. We find that aggregate exports in constant prices grew very …

policy and terms-of-trade fluctuations using a sample of 74 countries, both developed and developing. It finds evidence that … booms in the terms of trade do not necessarily lead to larger government surpluses in developing countries, particularly in …

price volatility or specialization dominates terms of trade and thus aggregate volatility in poor countries is thus …Poor countries are more volatile than rich countries, and we know this volatility impedes their growth. We also know … that commodity price volatility is a key source of those shocks. This paper explores commodity and manufactures price over …

Persistent differences in interest rates across countries account for much of the profitability of currency carry trade … finished goods. This pattern arises in a complete-markets model with trade specialization and limited shipping capacity … producers. Empirically, a commodity-based strategy explains a substantial portion of the carry-trade risk premia, and all of …

developed and the developing countries. Our analysis will evaluate how the presence of terms of trade adjust-rent and distorted … endogenous terms of trade adjustment, there are cases in which a competitive international banking system may not revitalize … appropriate conditionality, and the presence of endogenous terms of trade adjustment puts greater weight on investment …

This paper uses three models of a small open economy to analyze the effects of terms of trade and exchange rate changes … factors model is developed and used to investigate how an exogenous worsening of the intern.ationa1 terms of trade affect …

Concerns that (1) growth in developing countries could worsen the US terms of trade and (2) that increased US trade … countries export fundamentally different products, especially those classified as high tech …Judged by export shares, the United States and developing countries specialize in quite different product categories …

contemplated a trade liberalization process that would create a low and uniform tariff structure. In this paper I review the …