We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

U.S. manufacturing employment. Our findings suggest that offshoring by multinationals was a key driver of the observed …

This paper exploits a unique offshoring survey to show that firms continue domestic production of the same goods they …. Firms' reactions also motivate a new offshoring measure - produced- good imports - that is readily observed in most firm …

-intensive industries? We provide a decomposition of US manufacturing GHG emissions and find no evidence of offshoring either to or from the …

not accounted for by differences in workers' characteristics, occupations, nor for differences in the employers' locations …

The rise of offshoring of intermediate inputs raises important questions for commercial policy. Do the distinguishing … features of offshoring introduce novel reasons for trade policy intervention? Does offshoring create new problems of global … perform in a world where offshoring is prevalent? In this paper we provide answers to these questions, and thereby initiate …

offshoring in the short run and in the long run (when technology levels are endogenous). The short-run analysis shows that when … research efforts in response to increased offshoring. In particular, the rich country always gains from increased fragmentation …

- spaghetti bowls as building blocs - whereby offshoring creates a force that encourages the multilateralisation of regionalism …

Does the offshoring of production degrade or enhance the innovative capabilities of manufacturing firms? We contribute … products to China. We find causal evidence that offshoring impacts both the level and nature of innovation. In the technologies … evidence of a second-order positive effect of offshoring on the levels of innovation--particularly product innovation--in other …