We study the effects of monetary and fiscal policies when both money and government bonds provide liquidity services … the supply of bonds. Those movements in government bond prices affect available liquidity, and therefore aggregate demand … interest rate on money. We conclude that in a liquidity-dependent world, fiscal and monetary policies are joined at the hip …

Japan's low-rate policies on its government and households. Because of the duration mismatch on the government balance sheet …

tightening. We offer new evidence to confirm these findings, and then propose a theory based on the liquidity of U.S. government … liabilities held by the public. We hypothesize that QE, by increasing liquidity, offers greater flexibility for investors that … investments in illiquid loans to emerging markets. The effect of increasing the liquidity of U.S. government liabilities on …

drops can be a useful stabilization tool during a liquidity trap. With commitment, even with balance sheet constraints …

in 2017, there was no commensurate shrinkage of these claims on liquidity. Consequently, the financial sector was left … more sensitive to potential liquidity shocks, with weaker-capitalized banks most exposed. This necessitated Fed liquidity … provision in September 2019 and again in March 2020. Liquidity-risk-exposed banks suffered the most drawdowns and the largest …

important policy instrument, insuring against liquidity shortages. We find that countries' policy mixes are diverse, and have …