frequently. These mortality effects diminish with age, potentially reversing at older ages as a result of disease immunity or …

We observe that countries where belief in the "American dream" (i.e., effort pays) prevails also set harsher punishment … their luck in the labor market, the expected punishment, and an individual shock that we call "meanness". It is this … meanness level that a penal system based on "retribution" tries to detect when deciding the severity of the punishment. We find …

adult mortality. This project estimates the impact of long-term exposure to air pollution on mortality by leveraging quasi … the effect of downwind exposure to highway-generated pollutants on the age-specific mortality rate by using bearing to the … a highway increases mortality among individuals 75 and older by 3.6 to 6.8 percent. These estimates are robust and …

or mortality for either the infant or the mother, and the estimates are precise. The results suggest that for …

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the National Quality Forum have endorsed 30-day mortality rates … as important indicators of hospital quality. Concerns have been raised, however, as to whether post-discharge mortality … in hospital length-of-stay, we find evidence that 30-day mortality rates are appropriate measures of hospital quality …