historical or family-level discrimination …

The world has experienced a dramatic decline in total fertility rate (TFR) since the Industrial Revolution. Yet the …. We propose a new measure of the number of surviving children per female, which we call the effective fertility rate (EFR … a substantial portion of fertility decline merely compensated for higher survival rates. Focusing on the change in labor …

the fertility and marital behavior in Germany, until recently a lowest-low fertility setting. We find that exposure to … greater import competition from Eastern Europe led to worse labor market outcomes and lower fertility rates. In contrast …, workers in industries that benefited from increased exports had better employment prospects and higher fertility. These …

estimate the effect of her birth on further fertility. We find that the birth of a gifted child increases family size. However …Does the intellectual endowment of children affect parents' fertility choices? The quantity-quality model of fertility … disabled child negatively affects family size, but only when the child is of high birth order. Our results point to child …

We use administrative data from Washington State to perform a large-scale analysis of the impact of family formation on …

determination of quantity and quality of children by parents, we instrument family size with the gender of the first child which is …