statistical discrepancy, differences in aggregation methods, or the contributions formula. Moreover, we demonstrate that with … consistent data, use of BEA's Fisher-Ideal aggregation procedures to aggregate value added over industries yields the same … estimate of real GDP as aggregation over final commodities. Thus, two major approaches to measuring real GDP -- "expenditures …

aggregation bias'. This paper re-examines aggregation bias. First, it clarifies the meaning of aggregation bias and its …. Finally, it is now standard to recognize that small-sample bias plagues estimates of speeds of convergence of PPP. After … that heterogeneity and aggregation bias do not help to solve the PPP puzzle …

from VAR estimates. The extent of this "missing persistence bias" decreases with the level of aggregation, yet convergence … persistence measures that vary systematically with levels of aggregation should be examined with care since the differential …

indicate that aggregation can introduce substantial upward biases in the insurance effects. Overall we find a statistically …

aggregate production functions by deriving their first- and second-order properties. Our aggregation formulas provide non … sufficient statistics. They allow us to generalize existing aggregation theorems and to derive new ones. We relate our results to …

studies using more aggregated data. We demonstrate directly that higher levels of spatial and temporal aggregation generate …

We study the information aggregation properties of unanimous voting rules in the laboratory. In line with theoretical …