to estimate the effect of education on fertility and child mortality. Time and region varying exposure to the school … between husband and wife. We show that female education is a stronger determinant of age at marriage and early fertility than …

birth order and ideal family size. Our results suggest that the gender gap in breastfeeding explains 14 percent of excess … outcomes. We find that child-mortality patterns mirror those of breastfeeding with respect to gender and its interactions with … female child mortality in India, or about 22,000 "missing girls" each year …

determination of quantity and quality of children by parents, we instrument family size with the gender of the first child which is … plausibly random. Given a strong son-preference in India, parents tend to have more children if the first born is a girl. Our IV …

, randomly determined, levels of total fertility. These data allow one to isolate the causal effect of family size on the desired …India's male-biased sex ratio has worsened over the past several decades. In combination with the increased … availability of prenatal sex-diagnostic technology, the declining fertility rate is a hypothesized factor. Suppose a couple …

The world has experienced a dramatic decline in total fertility rate (TFR) since the Industrial Revolution. Yet the …. We propose a new measure of the number of surviving children per female, which we call the effective fertility rate (EFR … a substantial portion of fertility decline merely compensated for higher survival rates. Focusing on the change in labor …

fertility rates in major U.S. cities between 1929 and 1940. We estimate the effects using a variety of specifications and … death, while contributing to increases in the general fertility rate. Estimates of the relationship between economic …

We investigate women's fertility, labor and marriage market responses to a health innovation that led to reductions in … intensive and extensive margin fertility, a decline in the chances of ever having married, increased labor force participation … allow women to start fertility later and invest more in the labor market. We present a new theory of fertility that …

-infant mortality, and fertility. For 111 cities for which data on relief spending during the 1930s were available, we collected annual …s. Relief spending also raised general fertility rates. Our estimates suggest that the cost of saving an infant life …