-and-trade policies. Under conditions of uncertainty, price-based and quantity-based policy instruments cannot be truly equivalent, so we … lower carbon emissions. Market participants who forecast a lower price of carbon in the cap-and-trade games ran their units … more than those who forecast a higher price of carbon, which caused emissions from the dirtiest generating units (Coal and …

projected to achieve. If instead the CPP is binding, the royalty adder would: reduce the price of tradeable emissions allowances …

This paper investigates factors that explain the large variability in the price of voluntary carbon offsets. We … estimate hedonic price functions using a variety of provider- and project-level characteristics as explanatory variables. We … certifiers, is associated with a price discount. Variables that have no effect on offset prices are the number of projects that a …

strategy to world shipbuilding, a classic target of industrial policy. I find strong evidence consistent with China having … subsidies led to substantial reallocation of ship production across the world, with Japan, in particular, losing significant …

This article proposes and evaluates four hypotheses about US pollution and environmental policy over the last half … century. First, air and water pollution have declined substantially, although greenhouse gas emissions have not. Second …, environmental policy explains a large share of these trends. Third, much of the regulation of air and drinking water pollution has …