endogeneity problem, a forefront of recent research is the development and application of endogeneity correction methods without … requiring instruments. In this article, we formulate the regressor endogeneity problem using a novel conditional copula … endogeneity model to capture the regressor-error dependence unexplained by exogenous regressors. The model relaxes the key …

We argue that the key impediment to accurate measurement of the effect of police on crime is not necessarily … simultaneity bias, but bias due to mismeasurement of police. Using a new panel data set on crime in medium to large U.S. cities … over 1960- 2010, we obtain measurement error corrected estimates of the police elasticity of the cost-weighted sum of …

between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns of arrests and crime. Increases in the number … police officers has a less clear-cut impact on crime rates. It appears that own-race policing may be more effective in … of minority police are associated with significant increases in arrests of whites, but have little impact on arrests of …

variables estimation, (d) stochastic frontiers, and (e) semi-parametric estimation. I compare the estimates directly and …