to changes in an individual's own criminal and arrest history. Young males who engage in crime but are not arrested … to engage in crime during subsequent periods. Following an arrest, individuals commit less crime, consistent with …

rationed to only some offenders; and some institutional features (such as bad prison conditions) convert ideological …We study the re-arrest rates for two groups: individuals formerly in prison and individuals formerly under electronic …

offenders received longer sentences. The results are consistent with other interpretations of the period as the "era of the …

's criminal justice system, offering new insights into how incarceration affects subsequent crime and employment. We construct a …. Exploring factors that may explain the preventive effect of incarceration, we find the decline in crime is driven by individuals …Understanding whether, and in what situations, time spent in prison is criminogenic or preventive has proven …

, incarceration creates large and lasting reductions in recidivism among first offenders. Yet, among marginal repeat offenders … first offenders while encouraging or mandating incarceration sentences for many repeat offenders. We show that methods that …, incarceration creates only short-run incapacitation effects and no lasting reductions in the incidence of new felony charges. These …

Strong sentences are common "tough on crime" tool used to reduce the incentives for individuals to participate in … participating in crime may adjust. I use California's Three Strikes law to identify several effects of a large increase in the … criminal activity by 20 percent for second-strike eligible offenders and a 28 percent decline for third-strike eligible …

The prison time actually served by a convicted criminal depends to a significant degree on decisions made by the state … a model of the adjustment of sentences assuming that the state's objective is the optimal deterrence of crime. In the …

Prison overcrowding is a perennial problem and several states are under court order to reduce crowding. The long … when they balance the savings of reduced prison costs against the costs of recidivism by released convicts. This paper uses … historical data to investigate how prison officials altered their early release policies in the face of prison crowding and …

whether such a penalty deters future crime or interrupts social and human capital formation in a way that increases the … likelihood of later criminal behavior. This paper uses the incarceration tendency of randomly-assigned judges as an instrumental … variable to estimate causal effects of juvenile incarceration on high school completion and adult recidivism. Estimates based …