In the rural areas of developing countries, teacher absence is a widespread problem, both in formal and informal schools. This paper tests whether incentives based on teacher presence can reduce teacher absence, and whether they can lead to more teaching activities and more learning. In 60...

We follow 822 applicants through the process of obtaining a driver's license in New Delhi, India. To understand how the bureaucracy responds to individual and social needs, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: bonus, lesson, and comparison groups. Participants in the bonus...