Jakarta is vulnerable to flooding and extreme rainfall events are always the main cause of the occurrence of heavy flood events with loss of life and property. The flood in February 2007 is one of the most devastating events with the total rainfall during the 2-week period amounted to almost...

Two types of persistent extreme weather events, the cold–wet spell (CWS) and the persistent wet-freezing event (PWFE), are defined by considering the persistence of both extreme low temperature (ELT) and precipitation. Regional CWS and PWFE are identified based on temporal persistence and...