Specification of the variance-covariance matrix holds continuing interest for agricultural economists considering risk programming applications. This research examines alternative expected value-variance (E-V) frontiers constructed using contemporaneous and non-contemporaneous data and two...

Three measures of agricultural research spillovers considered entail estimates based on (l) level of agricultural research expenditures, (2) marginal products of agricultural research and extension expenditures, and (3) marginal products of agricultural research and extension expenditures...