social assistance benefits, in 2006-07. This paper describes the main elements of these tax and benefit reforms and provides …In 2008, the Czech government implemented a major overhaul of the personal income tax (PIT), replacing the previous … corporate income tax (CIT) and an increase in the concessionary rate of value added tax (VAT) applied to many goods and services …

opportunity to implement tax measures to improve efficiency and rebalance the economy. As consolidation progresses, switching … gains, especially if the largest reductions of the labour tax wedge are targeted on low-wage workers. As the consumption tax … base is particularly large in Portugal, such a shift could allow a sizeable cut in the tax wedge while still raising …

households and the banking system heavily exposed to a correction in land and housing markets. Supply rigidities and tax … population. Substantial distortions via tax planning have been evident in rental property markets. Although the 2010-11 budget … introduced measures to reduce some of these distortions, further reforms are needed to remove the significant tax bias favouring …

concentrated and the tax and transfer system has little redistributive impact. The tax-to-GDP ratio remains low. Consumption taxes …, which tend to be regressive, account for the bulk. The progressivity of income taxes had been undermined by generous tax … reliefs, which benefit the well-off most and increase tax avoidance opportunities. The tax system should be reformed to …

Tax reform is an urgent priority, as Japan needs as much as 5% to 6% of GDP of additional government revenue just to … stabilise public debt, which has risen to 180% of GDP. In addition to raising revenue, tax reform should promote economic growth …, address the deterioration in income distribution and improve the local tax system. Additional revenue should be obtained …

Korea has one of the lowest tax burdens in the OECD area, reflecting its small public sector. However, rapid population … and tax revenue while sustaining strong economic growth. A pro-growth tax reform implies relying primarily on consumption … taxes for additional revenue. There is also scope for raising personal income tax revenue from its current low level by …

The Polish tax system is characterised by high social security contributions for both employers and employees. As a … result, Poland has one of the highest tax wedges in the OECD, despite relatively low personal income tax rates. This …, property. One of the key implications of the tax structure is that the system as a whole is one of the least redistributive …

Tax reform is an urgent priority, as Japan needs as much as 5% to 6% of GDP of additional government revenue just to … stabilise public debt, which has risen to 180% of GDP. In addition to raising revenue, tax reform should promote economic growth …, address the deterioration in income distribution and improve the local tax system. Additional revenue should be obtained …

than would have been warranted by the registered rate of nominal output growth and the impact of tax measures. The study … United Kingdom, France and some Nordic countries. Conversely, the subsequent decline in tax receipts has been sharper than …