Treasury systems in sub-Saharan Francophone African countries share many features with the French public expenditure management system of the 1960s on which they were modelled. However, in a different economic and institutional environment, key elements of this framework have evolved in...

A well-functioning public expenditure management system is considered a critical pillar of government efficiency. This article discusses PEM systems in developing countries using an analytical framework based on principal-agent theory. This simple model can be applied to various PEM systems and...