This paper highlights some practical approaches for competition authorities pursuing digital platform enforcement cases, given the unique challenges this can involve. It explains the key features of digital platform market dynamics and emphasises the importance of selecting and prioritising...

This paper explores how the basic amount of a fine is calculated, analyses how the basic fine adjustments due to aggravating and mitigating circumstances vary or converge across jurisdictions and reviews several challenges competition authorities often face when levying fines based on the...

This paper was prepared as background for a discussion held at the OECD in June 2016 on commitment decisions in antitrust cases. It reviews arguments in favour and against the use of commitment decisions as they are presented in the literature. It also discusses judicial reviews of commitment...

Leniency programmes are a powerful detection tool for competition authorities. Over the period 2015-2021, the number of leniency applications in OECD jurisdictions dropped by 58% and the same trend can be observed across most regions. This Note explores whether and to what extent the drop in...

The OECD Competition Committee debated the criteria for exempting small enterprises from general prohibitions against cartels in April 1996. This document includes an analytical note by the German Delegation and written submissions from Canada, the European Commission, Japan and Norway, as well...

This paper aims at providing guidance on the benefits and challenges of criminal enforcement while exploring the economic deterrence theory and the retribution theory that have emerged in the criminalisation debate. It also offers an overview of criminalisation trends across jurisdictions,...

This paper discusses criteria used when setting fines and how these criteria relate to the ultimate goals of deterring and punishing competition law offences. It was prepared as background material for the session "Criteria for Setting Fines for Competition Law Infringements" held at the 2013...

The OECD Competition Committee debated national experience with settlements in cartel cases in October 2008. This document includes an executive summary and contributions from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, the European Commission, France, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, New...

This paper provides an overview of different methodologies regarding corporate fines, including recent developments, used to calculate fines for infractions of competition law as well as the various elements that are taken into consideration when determining the appropriate fine level. It was...