As the euro area has a predominantly bank-based financial system, changes in the composition and strength of banks … crisis, in a context of financial market stress and weak bank balance sheets, unconventional monetary policy measures have … non-standard measures were successful in stimulating lending and which bank business models were more strongly affected …

). Finally, we use bank fundamentals to estimate the cost of equity for unlisted banks. In general, unlisted banks are found to …

provide euro area citizens with access to central bank money in an increasingly digitalised world. While a digital euro could … offer a wide range of benefits, it could prompt changes in the demand for bank deposits and services from private financial … entities (ECB, 2020a), with knock-on consequences for bank lending and resilience. By inducing bank disintermediation, a …

bank money in digital form that is universally accepted for digital payments across the euro area. A digital euro would … reliance on central bank funding. To this end, it assesses how banks might respond to the introduction of a digital euro while … banks would decline but remain well above regulatory minimums. In addition, the central bank funding ratios of euro area …

results highlight the importance of the starting level of bank capital, bank asset quality, and banks' adjustments for the …

expectations for NPLs are found to be effective in reducing banks' NPLs. The phase-in of the policies can temporarily reduce bank …