While the Brazilian social protection system provides instruments to reduce the risk of destitution from old age and disability with broad coverage, protection against labor income shocks in Brazil remains segmented and largely depends on labor status and household composition. In 2019, nearly...

Disability-inclusive development directly responds to the World Bank's twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity. Disability and poverty are inherently linked, with persons with disabilities having poorer health outcomes; lower education achievements; less economic...

The Philippines increasingly emphasizes lifelong learning and skills mobility for labor productivity as an integral part of the country's growth strategy. The Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 presents a series of activities to improve labor productivity through human capital investment....

Despite being an upper middle income country, South Africa's high inequality and the long-lasting legacies of apartheid mean that the country is faced with numerous development challenges, many of which are characteristic of countries with much lower incomes. This paper focuses on social...

Vietnam is a young country on the cusp of a dramatic aging of the population that is taking place at a faster pace and at an earlier level of development than most other countries in the world. Though Vietnam's favorable demographic window of opportunity is still open, this report argues it...

Jobs are a high priority for development and stability in fragile and conflict-affected situations. Jobs contribute to poverty reduction, productivity and economic growth, and can promote social cohesion and reduce the risk of violence. However, the jobs environment is particularly challenging...

This report identifies the socioeconomic and labor market characteristics of kretek workers and their households from two large kretek producing districts. The analysis in this report is based on data collected from a sample survey of 720 kretek workers' households from two large kretek...

This report provides an overview of current pension challenges and opportunities formembers of the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)1. There is an urgent need to address pensionissues in the region to address fiscal, macroeconomic, sustainability, equity and welfarechallenges. The report sets out...

The report is structured as follows. In the first section, authors refer to the demographic and labor market context in Montenegro, which indicate the risks and challenges ahead of the pension system in Montenegro. We also discuss some of the myths that are related to the perception of older...

The Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) places great emphasis on the creation of a sufficient number of high-quality jobs to achieve full employment. This report aims to provide robust evidence to inform the RGoB's policy-making with regard to critical labor market challenges, underlying causes...