Earmarked credit was about half of total credit in Brazil at end-2015, after declining to one third of total credit in 2007, it is back to the levels in late 1990s. During 2008-15, earmarked credit increased from 12 to close to 30 percent of GDP. Initially, the objective was to counteract the...

The 2005 Gleneagles G8 summit in July 2005 stimulated a concerted effort of the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to broaden and accelerate programs on access to energy and climate change mitigation and adaptation through the Clean Energy Investment Framework (CEIF). At the Gleneagles...