The encompassing principle has been carefully and precisely defined in various contexts, since its first appearance in the 1980s literature in numerous papers by Hendry, Mizon and Richard. Since then, several distinct notions of encompassing have been proposed and still coexist in the...

We study the asymptotic behaviour of encompassing statistics in general regression models. The theory for testing one parametric model against another parametric model is now well known, but the comparison of two non-parametric models, or 'crossed' situations where a parametric model is tested...

This paper considers simulation-based procedures to compute the Wald encompassing and the Cox test statistics for non-nested models. These simulation estimation procedures are applied to both the encompassing contrast and its covariance matrix in the case of a Wald non-nested test statistic, and...