This paper utilizes relatively unexplored Canadian provincial-level data to investigate an old but still relevant question in macroeconomics as to whether consumption responds to income innovations in a manner consistent with the stochastic implications of the permanent income hypothesis (PIH)....

This paper documents that region-level consumption exhibits excess sensitivity to lagged region-level income in Italy, Japan, Spain, the UK and West Germany. However, "region-specific" consumption exhibits substantially less sensitivity to lagged region-specific income. Moreover, excess...