We propose an approach to explain fluctuations in time intervals of financial markets data from the view-point of the Gini index. We show the explicit form of the Gini index for a Weibull distribution: A good candidate to describe the first passage time of foreign exchange rate. The analytical...

Possible distributions are discussed for intertrade durations and first-passage processes in financial markets. The view-point of renewal theory is assumed. In order to represent market data with relatively long durations, two types of distributions are used, namely a distribution derived from...

We analyze tick-by-tick data, the most high frequency data available, of yen–dollar exchange rates with focus on the direction of up or down price movement. We propose a non-linear logit model to describe a non-trivial probability structure, apparently invisible from the price change itself,...

We analyze tick-by-tick data, the most high frequency data available, of yen–dollar currency exchange rates. We show that a dynamical structure can be observed in binarized data indicating the direction of up and down movement of prices, which is not apparently seen from the price change...

We analyze tick data of yen–dollar exchange with a focus on its up and down movement. We show that there exists a rather particular conditional probability structure with such high frequency data. This result provides us with evidence to question one of the basic assumptions of the traditional...

We analyze waiting times for price changes in a foreign currency exchange rate. Recent empirical studies of high-frequency financial data support that trades in financial markets do not follow a Poisson process and the waiting times between trades are not exponentially distributed. Here we show...

We introduce a simple cellular-network model to explain the capacity of the plants as memory devices. Following earlier observations (Bose (The Nervous Mechanism of Plants, Longmans, London, 1923) and others), we regard the plant as a network in which each of the elements (plant cells) are...

Social inequality manifested across different strata of human existence can be quantified in several ways. Here we compute non-entropic measures of inequality such as Lorenz curve, Gini index and the recently introduced k index analytically from known distribution functions. We characterize the...